RETROFIT OF ITALIAN SCHOOL BUILDINGS. THE INFLUENCE OF THERMAL INERTIA AND SOLAR GAINS ON ENERGY DEMAND AND COMFORT

Retrofit of Italian School Buildings. The Influence of Thermal Inertia and Solar Gains on Energy Demand and Comfort

Most of the Italian school buildings were built before the 1973 energy crisis, so they need a retrofit to reduce their primary energy demand and improve the indoor environment quality.Moreover, regardless of age, these buildings have large windows; therefore, it is generally necessary to improve the solar control strategy.The older buildings have h

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Millennial-scale climatic variability between 340 000 and 270 000 years ago in SW Europe: evidence from a NW Iberian margin pollen sequence

We present a new high-resolution marine pollen record from NW Iberian margin sediments (core MD03-2697) covering the interval between 340 000 and 270 000 years ago, a time period centred on Marine Isotope Stage Ball Prism Suncatcher (MIS) 9 and characterized by particular baseline climate states.This study enables the documentation of vegetation ch

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Question and Symbol: Challenges for a Contemporary Bell Tower

Historically, bell towers have been religious and architectural symbols in the landscape that summoned the faithful to celebrations and fulfilled a crucial territorial significance task.This function was assumed by the towers of some universities.The real need of the University Francisco de Vitoria to build a bell tower for its new chapel and to be

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